What is artificial intelligence (AI)?

In recent years, we have been hearing more and more about the term artificial intelligence (AI) in the news and on the Internet.

Artificial intelligence translates into English as Artificial Intelligence and the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence

and defines artificial intelligence.

It is difficult to define artificial intelligence strictly like this, but concrete aspects such as “what kind of scene is artificial intelligence used in?” If you watch, you will deepen your understanding of artificial intelligence.

So, in this article, for beginners who want to know about artificial intelligence,

I will explain about

This article gives you a good overview of artificial intelligence.

Make sure you have a solid understanding of artificial intelligence.

What are the uses of artificial intelligence (AI)?

Artificial intelligence is used in a wide range of situations, from work to entertainment.

The specific situations where artificial intelligence is used are mainly

Etc.

Let’s take a look at how artificial intelligence is being used in each situation.

1. Robot

In recent years, robots equipped with artificial intelligence have been developed.

Robots equipped with artificial intelligence are also sold commercially, and a familiar example is COZMO by Takara Tomy.

COZMO can perform actions such as ‘carrying things’, ‘recognizing faces’, and ‘changing facial expressions according to the situation, and its functionality is high as it is equipped with artificial intelligence.

It is sold at 26,980 yen (excluding tax / as of November 2019), making it easy to purchase among robots equipped with artificial intelligence.

If you want to see what a robot equipped with artificial intelligence looks like, why not buy one?

2. Automated driving

Some of you may have heard the word “self-driving” in the news, but artificial intelligence is also installed in cars that are capable of self-driving.

Waymo is one of the companies developing self-driving cars.

Waymo’s automatic driving car is equipped with artificial intelligence, and artificial intelligence controls the accelerator, steering wheel, and brake.

Self-driving cars such as Waymo are expected to solve the problem of the shortage of taxi drivers.

3. Games

Some of you may have heard the news that “artificial intelligence beat professional shogi players”.

In this way, artificial intelligence is also used in games such as shogi.

Shogi artificial intelligence learns how to play shogi by learning a huge amount of human game data.

As a result of learning game data, shogi artificial intelligence has acquired the ability to beat professional shogi players, and conversely, humans can learn shogi from shogi artificial intelligence.

We are now in an era where it is possible to improve the skill of shogi by utilizing artificial intelligence of shogi.

In addition to shogi, artificial intelligence is also used in video games.

4. Medical

Artificial intelligence is expected to be used in the medical field as well.

Since the aging of the population is accelerating in Japan today, the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with aging have become an issue.

As the number of elderly people continues to grow, there is a need for efficient medical services.

Using artificial intelligence,

etc. is expected.

However, since medical care is a business that deals with lives, there are issues in introducing artificial intelligence to the medical field, such as how to consider responsibility when artificial intelligence commits medical mistakes.

Types of artificial intelligence (AI)

When it comes to artificial intelligence, there are various types of artificial intelligence.

The artificial intelligence introduced here is

There are 4 types of

Let’s understand the characteristics of each artificial intelligence.

1. Specialized artificial intelligence

Specialized artificial intelligence is artificial intelligence designed to perform specific tasks or tasks.

The main things that specialized artificial intelligence can do are:

etc.

The artificial intelligence for shogi introduced above is also one of the specialized artificial intelligence, and it is good at learning the patterns of how to play shogi and playing games.

Another example is artificial intelligence which analyzes handwritten text and converts it into electronic data.

Although it is a specialized artificial intelligence that is good at specific tasks and tasks, it also has disadvantages.

Specialized artificial intelligence is not good at doing things other than specific fields.

So, for example, even if you can play shogi, you cannot play Othello.

2. General purpose artificial intelligence

General-purpose artificial intelligence is artificial intelligence that can perform various tasks and tasks in the same way as humans.

Speaking of cartoon characters, Doraemon corresponds to general-purpose artificial intelligence.

General-purpose artificial intelligence can flexibly respond to specific tasks or to respond to unexpected situations.

In this way, general-purpose artificial intelligence has excellent applicability.

However, developing general-purpose AI is more difficult than developing specialized AI, and it has yet to be put to practical use.

AGI is thought to work in the same way as the human brain, but there are challenges in replicating the workings of the human brain.

3. Weak AI

Weak AI is AI that does not have all the cognitive abilities that humans have and that automatically performs a given task.

They can’t do all the work or think like humans, but they can only carry out limited processes.

The specialized artificial intelligence introduced above is classified as weak AI.

4. Strong AI

A strong AI is an AI that has a human-like self and full cognitive abilities.

Among AIs, it is quite similar to humans and solves problems by making use of past data and experience in all situations.

General purpose artificial intelligence is classified as strong AI.

Concepts about artificial intelligence (AI)

If you want to learn more about artificial intelligence, you should also have a firm grasp of the concepts of artificial intelligence.

The concept of artificial intelligence introduced this time is

are four.

1. Machine learning

Machine learning is the learning of machines (computers) using data.

Unlike simple data input, machine learning is characterized by the computer’s learning.

Therefore, even if you do not pass data to the computer, you can make your own decisions and proceed with learning.

A computer that has learned data by itself can use what it has learned to derive rules and predict the future.

2. Neural network

A neural network is a machine that mimics the workings of the human brain.

The human brain is made of a network of nerve cells called neurons, and similarly, neural networks are made using artificial neurons.

The neural network has

There is a layer called, and adjustments are made by performing a work called “weighting” in the intermediate layer so that the information that comes in from the input layer comes out in an appropriate form in the output layer.

In the past, weighting was difficult, but with the creation of a neural network called a perceptron that can learn weighting by itself, information processing has become smoother.

3. Deep learning

Deep learning is one of machine learning.

In conventional machine learning, humans needed to learn by adding features to data.

However, deep learning differs from conventional machine learning in that it allows you to add features to the learned data yourself.

For example, if you want artificial intelligence to recognize a car, in the case of conventional machine learning, it was necessary to learn the characteristics of the car, but with deep learning, it can derive the characteristics of the car by itself by learning the photograph of the car.

Therefore, even if AI sees a different car than the one it learned, deep learning can recognize it as a car.

In this way, deep learning enables more accurate learning.

4. Singularity

The singularity (technical singularity) refers to the development of artificial intelligence that surpasses that of humans and the speed at which society changes.

Artificial intelligence that surpasses humans will appear, so it may have a big impact on our lives.

We don’t yet know if the singularity will happen, but some experts are proposing that the singularity will occur by 2045.

Will artificial intelligence (AI) steal jobs?

Some news and books on artificial intelligence say that “artificial intelligence (AI) may take our jobs.”

Read news and books about artificial intelligence,

And some people are worried about the future.

However, artificial intelligence does not completely take away our jobs.

There are three types of

Knowing the relationship between artificial intelligence and work will give you hints for your future career.

Let’s think about how we should face artificial intelligence.

Jobs that may be taken over by artificial intelligence

As a premise, artificial intelligence

And so on.

Therefore, the following jobs can be considered possible for artificial intelligence.

Jobs unlikely to be taken over by artificial intelligence

Conversely, jobs that are unlikely to be taken over by artificial intelligence have the following in common.

Therefore, the following jobs are unlikely to be taken over by artificial intelligence.

New jobs created by artificial intelligence

Or rather, some new jobs will be created thanks to artificial intelligence.

It’s a job with artificial intelligence.

New jobs created by artificial intelligence include:

• AI engineer
• AI Producer
• Robot Advisor
• Data scientist

In conclusion

This time, I explained the characteristics of artificial intelligence to beginners who want to know about artificial intelligence.

I hope you have a general idea of ​​what artificial intelligence is.

Research and development of artificial intelligence will continue to advance, so artificial intelligence may have a major impact on our lives.

To get along well with artificial intelligence, I recommend that you continue to study artificial intelligence.